Technical Overview
Overview of governance architecture and smart contracts.
Governance Architecture Overview
dYdX on-chain governance supports the following features:
Creating and voting on proposals
Snapshotting token holdings at the start of a proposal
Delegating separate voting and proposing powers
Setting governance thresholds including proposing, quorum, and vote differential thresholds
Replacing the “Governance Strategy V2” smart contract, which determines how votes are counted
Configuring multiple executor contracts allowing for:
rapid protocol upgrades and funds distribution via short time-lock executors;
governance upgrades via long time-lock executors.
There are 7 smart contracts that support dYdX Governance:
The
DydxTokencontract: Keeps snapshots which support queries for an address’ voting or proposing power at any block number. Supports separate delegation of voting and proposing powers.The
WrappedEthereumDydxTokencontract: Keeps snapshots which support queries for an address’ voting or proposing power at any block number. Supports separate delegation of voting and proposing powers.The
DydxGovernorcontract: Tracks proposals and can execute proposals via the Executor smart contracts.The
Executorcontracts: Can queue, cancel, and execute transactions voted on by Governance. If a proposal passes, the functions calls in the proposal may be executed by the Executor contract specified in the proposal. Queued transactions can be executed after a delay, whose duration is determined by the Executor contract.The
Priority Timelockcontract: The same as the timelock contract, but allows a priority controller to execute transactions within the Priority Period (7 days) before the end of the timelock delay.The
Governance Strategy V2contract: Contains the logic for counting votes. Currently, counts votes from $ethDYDX Token, $wethDYDX token and $stkDYDX. Can be upgraded via the long time-lock.The
Safety Modulecontract: Contains logics to stake $ethDYDX tokens, tokenize a staked position, and earn rewards, while retaining the voting and proposing rights and delegation functions of the underlying tokens.
Contract
Address
DydxToken
0x92D6C1e31e14520e676a687F0a93788B716BEff5
WrappedEthereumDydxToken
0x46b2DeAe6eFf3011008EA27EA36b7c27255ddFA9
DydxGovernor
0x7E9B1672616FF6D6629Ef2879419aaE79A9018D2
Short Timelock Executor
0x64c7d40c07EFAbec2AafdC243bF59eaF2195c6dc
Long Timelock Executor
0xEcaE9BF44A21d00E2350a42127A377Bf5856d84B
Merkle-Pauser Timelock Executor
0xd98e7A71BacB6F11438A8271dDB2EFd7f9361F52
Starkware Priority Timelock Executor
0xa306989BA6BcacdECCf3C0614FfF2B8C668e3CaE
Rewards Treasury
0x639192D54431F8c816368D3FB4107Bc168d0E871
Rewards Treasury Bridge
0x8d0051943D4c72aF12D638c6b7253C71929A910A
Community Treasury
0xE710CEd57456D3A16152c32835B5FB4E72D9eA5b
Community Treasury Bridge
0x5D8541e3078BE7c2D773185aD8C8b9ED5105E08c
Safety Module
0x65f7BA4Ec257AF7c55fd5854E5f6356bBd0fb8EC
GovernanceStrategyV2
0xc2f5F3505910Da80F0592a3Cc023881C50b16505
Rewards Treasury Vester
0xb9431E19B29B952d9358025f680077C3Fd37292f
Community Treasury Vester
0x08a90Fe0741B7DeF03fB290cc7B273F1855767D8
Merkle Distributor
0x01d3348601968aB85b4bb028979006eac235a588
Chainlink Adapter
0x99B0599952a4FD2d1A1561Fa4C010827EaD30354
Liquidity Staking
0x5Aa653A076c1dbB47cec8C1B4d152444CAD91941
Claims Proxy
0x0fd829C3365A225FB9226e75c97c3A114bD3199e
StarkEx Helper Governor
0x0db9b3F7Dd83e29C9bece8E5e1089bA4369E694a
StarkEx Remover Governor V2
0xFCAac0F14deA11eDe11Afcb875f29130e1ad5ec0
Rewards Treasury Proxy Admin
0x40D6992cbd03E0DC1c2DE9606D29Cb245E737a5d
Community Treasury Proxy Admin
0x9d51599A6b10f562619D8ef2EFDcA1B68aE80D03
Safety Module Proxy Admin
0x6aaD0BCfbD91963Cf2c8FB042091fd411FB05b3C
Merkle Distributor Proxy Admin
0x6C5cd3aD7A16Ae207D221908E6b997d9B0DcD7b0
Liquidity Staking Proxy Admin
0xAc5D8bCD13da463bea96c75f9085c4e40037F790
StarkProxy [0]
0x0b2B08AC98a1568A34208121c26F4F41a9e0FbB6
StarkProxy [1]
0x3e6E9EFb0A677a24F47093a22044dc5451A028cF
StarkProxy [2]
0xCB7fa3a2F47b62293Cc2E1a4C7752fC72E49FCe2
StarkProxy [3]
0x16BEC2D9A010e7D8b2D576d17893C52Ddbfe4C06
StarkProxy [4]
0x531F3BE462F10386D01FBeD7fAD1d20A61Ce7874
StarkProxy Proxy Admin [0]
0xE16718eace44e0CB06b9cd164490A69A6425D1e3
StarkProxy Proxy Admin [1]
0x78e899e576C3565C3219dbC9Ea5042A9DBed36d3
StarkProxy Proxy Admin [2]
0x15774D4555fEfD57C9Fc8b11C8beba993eafcc13
StarkProxy Proxy Admin [3]
0x4d9460e5C958f46a1Fe129954A069a37972f16EA
StarkProxy Proxy Admin [4]
0xfa45DCDbEc82C94082d283B62506320DB8632054
Open-source code & audited
All smart contract source code for the governance contracts and staking pools can be found at https://github.com/dydxfoundation/governance-contracts.
The source code for the governance frontend hosted at dydx.community can be found here.
All major new smart contracts have been audited by Peckshield. No significant or high priority security issues were found. The core governance and token contracts are forked from the Aave governance contracts which were audited by CertiK, Certora, and Peckshield and have been battle-tested live on mainnet for months.
Core Governance Contracts
DydxToken
The DydxToken contract was inspired by Aave. Minor changes have been made by the dYdX team.
Ethereum-based DYDX is deployed at 0x92D6C1e31e14520e676a687F0a93788B716BEff5 on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
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The WrappedEthereumDydxToken contract is the wrapped version of the DydxToken. Users can interact with the wethDYDX Smart Contract and obtain wethDYDX.
wethDYDX is deployed at 0x46b2deae6eff3011008ea27ea36b7c27255ddfa9 on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
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IGovernancePowerDelegationERC20.DelegationType","name":"delegationType","type":"uint8"}],"name":"delegateByType","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"delegatee","type":"address"},{"internalType":"enum IGovernancePowerDelegationERC20.DelegationType","name":"delegationType","type":"uint8"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"nonce","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"expiry","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"v","type":"uint8"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"r","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"s","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"delegateByTypeBySig","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"delegator","type":"address"},{"internalType":"enum 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IGovernancePowerDelegationERC20.DelegationType","name":"delegationType","type":"uint8"}],"name":"getPowerCurrent","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"addedValue","type":"uint256"}],"name":"increaseAllowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"nonces","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"deadline","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint8","name":"v","type":"uint8"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"r","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"s","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"permit","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]DydxGovernor
The DydxGovernor contract was inspired by Aave. Minor changes have been made by dYdX.
Governor is deployed at 0x7E9B1672616FF6D6629Ef2879419aaE79A9018D2 on the Ethereum mainnet.
GovernanceStrategyV2
The GovernanceStrategyV2 contract was inspired by Aave and upgraded from GovernanceStrategy.
Strategy is deployed at 0xc2f5F3505910Da80F0592a3Cc023881C50b16505 on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"dydxToken","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"stakedDydxToken","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"wrappedEthereumDydxToken","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[],"name":"DYDX_TOKEN","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"STAKED_DYDX_TOKEN","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"WRAPPED_ETHEREUM_DYDX_TOKEN","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"getPropositionPowerAt","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"getTotalPropositionSupplyAt","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"getTotalVotingSupplyAt","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"getVotingPowerAt","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]Executors
The Executor contract was inspired by Aave. Minor changes have been made by dYdX.
The Long Timelock is deployed at 0xEcaE9BF44A21d00E2350a42127A377Bf5856d84B on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"admin","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"gracePeriod","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minimumDelay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"maximumDelay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"propositionThreshold","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"voteDuration","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"voteDifferential","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minimumQuorum","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"CancelledAction","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"resultData","type":"bytes"}],"name":"ExecutedAction","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"NewAdmin","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"}],"name":"NewDelay","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"newPendingAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"NewPendingAdmin","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"QueuedAction","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"GRACE_PERIOD","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MAXIMUM_DELAY","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MINIMUM_DELAY","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MINIMUM_QUORUM","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ONE_HUNDRED_WITH_PRECISION","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"PROPOSITION_THRESHOLD","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"VOTE_DIFFERENTIAL","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"VOTING_DURATION","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"acceptAdmin","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"cancelTransaction","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string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IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"proposalId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"isQuorumValid","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"proposalId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"isVoteDifferentialValid","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"queueTransaction","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"}],"name":"setDelay","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newPendingAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"setPendingAdmin","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"validateCreatorOfProposal","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"validateProposalCancellation","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"receive"}]The Short Timelock is deployed at 0xEcaE9BF44A21d00E2350a42127A377Bf5856d84B on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"admin","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"gracePeriod","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minimumDelay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"maximumDelay","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"propositionThreshold","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"voteDuration","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"voteDifferential","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"minimumQuorum","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"CancelledAction","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"resultData","type":"bytes"}],"name":"ExecutedAction","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"NewAdmin","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"}],"name":"NewDelay","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"newPendingAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"NewPendingAdmin","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"actionHash","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"QueuedAction","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"GRACE_PERIOD","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MAXIMUM_DELAY","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MINIMUM_DELAY","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"MINIMUM_QUORUM","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ONE_HUNDRED_WITH_PRECISION","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"PROPOSITION_THRESHOLD","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"VOTE_DIFFERENTIAL","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"VOTING_DURATION","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"acceptAdmin","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"cancelTransaction","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string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IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"proposalId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"isQuorumValid","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"proposalId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"isVoteDifferentialValid","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"target","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"signature","type":"string"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"executionTime","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"withDelegatecall","type":"bool"}],"name":"queueTransaction","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"delay","type":"uint256"}],"name":"setDelay","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newPendingAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"setPendingAdmin","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract 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ABI
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ABI
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IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"validateCreatorOfProposal","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract IDydxGovernor","name":"governance","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"blockNumber","type":"uint256"}],"name":"validateProposalCancellation","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"receive"}]DYDX Incentives Contracts
Merkle Distributor
The Merkle Distributor smart contract distributes $ethDYDX token rewards according to a Merkle tree of balances. The tree can be updated periodically with each user's cumulative reward balance, allowing new rewards to be distributed to users over time.
An update is performed by setting the proposed Merkle root to the latest value returned by the oracle contract. The proposed Merkle root can be made active after a waiting period has elapsed. During the waiting period, dYdX Governance has the opportunity to freeze the Merkle root, in case the proposed root is incorrect or malicious. Root updates can be unpaused by ShortTimelockExecutor.
The Merkle Distributor smart contract was inspired by Uniswap and Badger designs. The smart contract is deployed at 0x01d3348601968aB85b4bb028979006eac235a588 on the Ethereum mainnet.
ABI
[{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"previousAdmin","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"AdminChanged","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"implementation","type":"address"}],"name":"Upgraded","type":"event"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"fallback"},{"inputs":[],"name":"admin","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newAdmin","type":"address"}],"name":"changeAdmin","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"implementation","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_logic","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_admin","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"_data","type":"bytes"}],"name":"initialize","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_logic","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"_data","type":"bytes"}],"name":"initialize","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newImplementation","type":"address"}],"name":"upgradeTo","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newImplementation","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bytes","name":"data","type":"bytes"}],"name":"upgradeToAndCall","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"}]Safety Module
The Safety Module is a staking pool that offers $ethDYDX rewards to users who stake $ethDYDX towards the security of the Protocol.
Liquidity Module
The Liquidity Module is a collection of smart contracts for staking and borrowing, which incentivize the allocation of $USDC funds for market making purposes on the dYdX layer 2 exchange.
Stakers earn $ethDYDX rewards for staking $USDC. The staked funds may be borrowed by certain pre-approved partners, on a reputational basis, without collateral. The funds may only be used on the L2 exchange—this is enforced via the StarkProxy contract which interacts with the StarkEx Perpetual Exchange contract.
StarkProxy
This contract allows the owner to borrow funds from LiquidityStaking and use those funds on StarkPerpetual. Additional funds may be deposited by the owner, and any funds in excess of the borrowed amount may be withdrawn freely. This contract interacts with the StarkPerpetual contract which was written by Starkware, and previously audited and deployed.
Treasury Contracts
The TreasuryVester contract was inspired by Uniswap.
The Short Timelock can only execute governance-approved actions.
There are two treasury vesters and treasury contracts:
Rewards Treasury Vester and Rewards Treasury are for incentive contract rewards; and
Community Treasury Vester and Community Treasury are for holding “general purpose” treasury funds.
Since governance controls each treasury, it can transfer funds to any address and/or approve any address to spend funds from either treasury. For example, the rewards programs will need to have token approval limits set by governance.
In DIP 29, the dYdX community voted to leverage the Rewards Treasury Bridge and the Community Treasury Bridge smart contracts, which enabled the migration of available ethDYDX in the Community Treasury & Rewards Treasury to dYdX Chain.
Each treasury vester will vest tokens linearly over ~5 years (August 3rd 2021 - August 3rd 2026) to the corresponding treasury. Since the vester contracts are immutable upon deployment, the dYdX community voted to set the recipient of the vester contracts to the following addresses:
Rewards Treasury Vester will vest to
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001; andCommunity Treasury Vester will vest to
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002.
Peripheral Contracts
Chainlink Oracle-Powered Rewards (Trading & Liquidity Provider Rewards)
The goal of this system is to calculate and publish, via a decentralized network of oracle signers, the ethDYDX token rewards earned by traders using the dYdX layer 2 exchange. Rewards are stored in a Merkle tree, which contains the cumulative rewards earned by each user since the start of the distribution program. Each epoch, the Merkle root is updated on the MerkleDistributorV1 smart contract to reflect rewards earned in the last epoch.
We have integrated with the Chainlink Oracle system to post rewards data on-chain. We use IPNS to post the trading data that Chainlink uses to build the Merkle tree. By using IPNS, we can post the trading data for the latest epoch under the same IPNS link as previous epochs, meaning the location of the data won't change.
After calculating the appropriate rewards from the raw trading data, Chainlink posts the Merkle tree of rewards to IPFS. The IPFS CID with the Merkle tree data is stored on the Merkle distributor contract along with the Merkle root for that epoch's rewards.
The following flow chart shows the Chainlink Oracle-Powered Rewards system architecture:
Other Assets
dYdX Foundation brand assets are available here****
Last updated
